我们分析了在线性模型中同时支持恢复和估计的同时支持恢复和估计，具有独立的且相同分布的正常误差。我们基于随机栅极（STG）[YLNK20]的非线性惩罚来应用惩罚最小方估计值，以估计系数。考虑到高斯设计矩阵，我们表明在$ \β^ * $的尺寸和稀疏性的合理条件下，基于STG的估计器会聚到真实数据生成系数向量，并且还检测其具有高概率的支持集。我们提出了一种新的基于投影基于投影的线性模型设置，以提高现有的STG估算器，最初设计用于一般非线性模型。我们的新程序优于许多古典估算器，用于在合成数据分析中支持恢复。

Recently it has been shown that state-of-the-art NLP models are vulnerable to adversarial attacks, where the predictions of a model can be drastically altered by slight modifications to the input (such as synonym substitutions). While several defense techniques have been proposed, and adapted, to the discrete nature of text adversarial attacks, the benefits of general-purpose regularization methods such as label smoothing for language models, have not been studied. In this paper, we study the adversarial robustness provided by various label smoothing strategies in foundational models for diverse NLP tasks in both in-domain and out-of-domain settings. Our experiments show that label smoothing significantly improves adversarial robustness in pre-trained models like BERT, against various popular attacks. We also analyze the relationship between prediction confidence and robustness, showing that label smoothing reduces over-confident errors on adversarial examples.

In recent years several learning approaches to point goal navigation in previously unseen environments have been proposed. They vary in the representations of the environments, problem decomposition, and experimental evaluation. In this work, we compare the state-of-the-art Deep Reinforcement Learning based approaches with Partially Observable Markov Decision Process (POMDP) formulation of the point goal navigation problem. We adapt the (POMDP) sub-goal framework proposed by [1] and modify the component that estimates frontier properties by using partial semantic maps of indoor scenes built from images' semantic segmentation. In addition to the well-known completeness of the model-based approach, we demonstrate that it is robust and efficient in that it leverages informative, learned properties of the frontiers compared to an optimistic frontier-based planner. We also demonstrate its data efficiency compared to the end-to-end deep reinforcement learning approaches. We compare our results against an optimistic planner, ANS and DD-PPO on Matterport3D dataset using the Habitat Simulator. We show comparable, though slightly worse performance than the SOTA DD-PPO approach, yet with far fewer data.

Large-scale online recommendation systems must facilitate the allocation of a limited number of items among competing users while learning their preferences from user feedback. As a principled way of incorporating market constraints and user incentives in the design, we consider our objectives to be two-fold: maximal social welfare with minimal instability. To maximize social welfare, our proposed framework enhances the quality of recommendations by exploring allocations that optimistically maximize the rewards. To minimize instability, a measure of users' incentives to deviate from recommended allocations, the algorithm prices the items based on a scheme derived from the Walrasian equilibria. Though it is known that these equilibria yield stable prices for markets with known user preferences, our approach accounts for the inherent uncertainty in the preferences and further ensures that the users accept their recommendations under offered prices. To the best of our knowledge, our approach is the first to integrate techniques from combinatorial bandits, optimal resource allocation, and collaborative filtering to obtain an algorithm that achieves sub-linear social welfare regret as well as sub-linear instability. Empirical studies on synthetic and real-world data also demonstrate the efficacy of our strategy compared to approaches that do not fully incorporate all these aspects.

This work explores an efficient approach to establish a foundational video-text model for tasks including open-vocabulary video classification, text-to-video retrieval, video captioning and video question-answering. We present VideoCoCa that reuses a pretrained image-text contrastive captioner (CoCa) model and adapt it to video-text tasks with minimal extra training. While previous works adapt image-text models with various cross-frame fusion modules (for example, cross-frame attention layer or perceiver resampler) and finetune the modified architecture on video-text data, we surprisingly find that the generative attentional pooling and contrastive attentional pooling layers in the image-text CoCa design are instantly adaptable to ``flattened frame embeddings'', yielding a strong zero-shot transfer baseline for many video-text tasks. Specifically, the frozen image encoder of a pretrained image-text CoCa takes each video frame as inputs and generates \(N\) token embeddings per frame for totally \(T\) video frames. We flatten \(N \times T\) token embeddings as a long sequence of frozen video representation and apply CoCa's generative attentional pooling and contrastive attentional pooling on top. All model weights including pooling layers are directly loaded from an image-text CoCa pretrained model. Without any video or video-text data, VideoCoCa's zero-shot transfer baseline already achieves state-of-the-art results on zero-shot video classification on Kinetics 400/600/700, UCF101, HMDB51, and Charades, as well as zero-shot text-to-video retrieval on MSR-VTT and ActivityNet Captions. We also explore lightweight finetuning on top of VideoCoCa, and achieve strong results on video question-answering (iVQA, MSRVTT-QA, MSVD-QA) and video captioning (MSR-VTT, ActivityNet, Youcook2). Our approach establishes a simple and effective video-text baseline for future research.

Tumor segmentation in histopathology images is often complicated by its composition of different histological subtypes and class imbalance. Oversampling subtypes with low prevalence features is not a satisfactory solution since it eventually leads to overfitting. We propose to create synthetic images with semantically-conditioned deep generative networks and to combine subtype-balanced synthetic images with the original dataset to achieve better segmentation performance. We show the suitability of Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) and especially diffusion models to create realistic images based on subtype-conditioning for the use case of HER2-stained histopathology. Additionally, we show the capability of diffusion models to conditionally inpaint HER2 tumor areas with modified subtypes. Combining the original dataset with the same amount of diffusion-generated images increased the tumor Dice score from 0.833 to 0.854 and almost halved the variance between the HER2 subtype recalls. These results create the basis for more reliable automatic HER2 analysis with lower performance variance between individual HER2 subtypes.

音频文本检索需要自然语言查询以在数据库中检索相关的音频文件。相反，文本审计检索将音频文件作为查询来检索相关的自然语言描述。大多数带有一个音频字幕数据集的文献训练检索系统，但是评估多个数据集培训的好处是没有充满反感的。此外，检索系统必须学习描述从几秒钟到几秒钟的可变长度的音频内容之间的详细句子之间的对齐。在这项工作中，我们提出了一个新的Web音频文本对以及一个新的检索框架。首先，我们提供了大约五千个Web音频纹理对的新集合，我们称为WavText5k。当用来训练我们的检索系统时，WavText5K比其他音频字幕更多地提高了性能。其次，我们的框架学会了使用文本编码器，两个音频编码器和对比度学习目标来连接语言和音频内容。组合两个音频编码器有助于处理可变长度音频。这两个贡献超过了AudioCaps和Clote的Text-Audio检索的最新表现，相对2％和16％，而音频检索则达到6％和23％。

这项研究开发了一个无人驾驶系统（UASS）的框架，以监测高层建筑项目中未受保护的边缘和开口附近的跌落危险系统。开发并测试了一个三步基于机器学习的框架，以检测UAS捕获的图像的护栏柱。首先，对护栏探测器进行了培训，以定位支撑护栏的职位的候选位置。由于从实际的工作现场收集的此过程中使用了图像，因此确定了几个错误检测。因此，在以下步骤中引入了其他约束，以滤除错误检测。其次，研究团队将水平线检测器应用于图像，以正确检测地板并删除离地板不近的检测。最后，由于每个帖子之间安装了护栏柱，它们之间的分布差异大致，因此它们之间的空间被估算并用于找到两个帖子之间最有可能的距离。研究团队使用了开发方法的各种组合来监视高层建筑项目的捕获图像中的护栏系统。比较精度和召回指标表明，级联分类器通过落地检测和护栏间距估计来取得更好的性能。研究结果表明，拟议的护栏识别系统可以改善护栏的评估，并促进安全工程师确定高层建筑项目中跌落危害的任务。

我们提出了一种新的抽样策略，称为Smart Active Sapling，以在生产线之外进行质量检查。根据主动学习的原则，机器学习模型决定将哪些样品发送到质量检查。一方面，由于较早发现质量违规行为，这可以最大程度地减少废料零件的产生。另一方面，质量检查成本降低了，以进行平稳运行。

预测行人运动对于开发在拥挤的环境中相互作用的社会意识的机器人至关重要。虽然社交互动环境的自然视觉观点是一种自然的观点，但轨迹预测中的大多数现有作品纯粹是在自上而下的轨迹空间中进行的。为了支持第一人称视图轨迹预测研究，我们提出了T2FPV，这是一种构建高保真的第一人称视图数据集的方法，给定真实的，自上而下的轨迹数据集；我们在ETH/UCY行人数据集上展示了我们的方法，以生成所有互动行人的以自我为中心的视觉数据。我们报告说，原始的ETH/UCY数据集中使用的鸟眼视图假设，即代理可以用完美的信息观察场景中的每个人，而不会在第一人称视图中保持；在现有作品中通常使用的每个20个磁场场景中，只有一小部分的代理都可以完全看到。我们评估现有的轨迹预测方法在不同的现实感知水平下 - 与自上而下的完美信息设置相比，位移错误增加了356％。为了促进第一人称视图轨迹预测的研究，我们发布了T2FPV-ETH数据集和软件工具。